Sea of Marmara
The Sea of Marmara is a small inland sea that connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea, thus providing a unique link between the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea through the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits. Here are some key details about this body of water:
Geography
- Location: It lies between Turkey's European and Asian sides, entirely surrounded by the Turkish landmass.
- Area: The Sea of Marmara has an area of approximately 11,350 km².
- Depth: Its maximum depth is around 1,370 meters, with an average depth of 494 meters.
- Islands: It contains several islands, notably Prince Islands (Adalar), which are a popular tourist destination.
History
- Ancient Times: The Sea of Marmara has been a vital trade route since ancient times, connecting the civilizations of the Aegean and the Black Sea.
- Byzantine Empire: It played a crucial role during the Byzantine Empire, especially in the context of Constantinople (now Istanbul), which was strategically positioned at the entrance of the Bosporus.
- Ottoman Empire: Under Ottoman rule, the sea continued to be significant for trade, military strategy, and as a cultural melting pot.
Ecological and Environmental Aspects
- Biodiversity: The Sea of Marmara supports a rich marine ecosystem, including various fish species, dolphins, and sea turtles.
- Environmental Concerns: Industrialization and urbanization along its shores have led to pollution issues, affecting the marine life and water quality.
Economic and Cultural Significance
- Trade Route: It serves as a crucial shipping lane for both commercial and military vessels.
- Tourism: The coastal areas are popular for tourism, with historical sites, beaches, and resorts.
- Fishing: Fishing remains an important activity, though overfishing and pollution have posed challenges.
Modern Day
- Geopolitical Importance: The control of the Sea of Marmara is a significant aspect of Turkey's geopolitical strategy, given its role in international maritime law and trade.
- Infrastructure: Major bridges like the Bosporus Bridge and the Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge cross over the sea, connecting the European and Asian sides of Istanbul.
External Links
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